Jamaica’s geography blends mountains, rivers, beaches, and fertile plains into one of the Caribbean’s most diverse landscapes. The island is divided into 14 parishes, each with its own history, culture, and attractions. Together, they form the backbone of Jamaica’s identity, from Kingston’s capital energy to Portland’s lush rainforests and Westmoreland’s beaches.
Jamaica covers 10,991 square kilometers, making it the third-largest island in the Caribbean. Its geography includes coastal plains, limestone plateaus, and rugged mountains. The island is ringed by sandy beaches and coral reefs while rivers like the Black River and Rio Grande carve through valleys. Fertile plains, especially in Clarendon and St. Catherine, support agriculture, while resort towns along the north and west coasts drive tourism.
The Blue Mountains, rising over 2,200 meters (7,402 feet), dominate eastern Jamaica and are home to the world-famous Blue Mountain Coffee. Other ranges include the John Crow Mountains in Portland and the Dry Harbour Mountains in St. Ann. These mountains shape weather patterns and provide rich biodiversity, making them vital to Jamaica’s environment and culture.
The island has 14 parishes. Each one contributes to Jamaica’s economy, culture, and daily life. Use the links above to jump to any parish.
Located in south-central Jamaica, Clarendon is one of the island’s largest parishes. It is known for its fertile farmland, producing sugarcane, citrus, and bauxite. May Pen, the parish capital, serves as a commercial hub. Milk River Bath, a mineral spa, attracts visitors for its healing waters.
Hanover, in the northwest, is one of the smallest parishes but rich in history. Lucea, the capital, was once a major port. Today, Hanover offers stunning coves, beaches, and quiet fishing villages. Agriculture, especially yam and sugarcane, remains important.
The smallest parish by area but the heart of Jamaica’s culture and economy, Kingston is the capital city. It is home to government offices, the Bob Marley Museum, and the National Stadium. Kingston Harbor, one of the world’s largest natural harbors, anchors trade and shipping.
Situated in south-central Jamaica, Manchester is known for its cool climate and rolling hills. Mandeville, the capital, has a blend of colonial charm and modern development. The parish produces bauxite and is a hub for middle-class Jamaicans. It is also known for breadfruit, coffee, and citrus farming.
One of the lushest parishes, Portland lies on the northeast coast. It is famous for the Blue Lagoon, Reach Falls, and Boston Bay, birthplace of jerk cuisine. Port Antonio, the capital, has long been a favorite for eco-tourism and film productions. Portland’s landscape is rich with rivers, waterfalls, and rainforest.
Often called the “Garden Parish,” St. Ann is known for its fertile land and tourist attractions. It is home to Dunn’s River Falls, Green Grotto Caves, and Columbus Park. Ocho Rios, a major resort town, draws visitors from around the world. Agriculture includes bananas, yams, and livestock.
One of the fastest-growing parishes, St. Catherine is located in south-central Jamaica. Spanish Town, the former capital, is rich with historic architecture. Portmore has developed into a bustling residential area. St. Catherine plays a major role in industry, commerce, and education.
Known as Jamaica’s “breadbasket,” St. Elizabeth produces much of the island’s vegetables, sugar, and bauxite. Black River, the capital, is known for its crocodile-inhabited river tours. Treasure Beach and Lovers’ Leap are popular attractions. The parish combines agriculture with eco-tourism.
St. James is the tourism capital of Jamaica, with Montego Bay serving as the main gateway for international visitors. MoBay is home to Sangster International Airport, luxury resorts, golf courses, and nightlife. Beyond tourism, the parish also has sugarcane and manufacturing industries.
Located on the north coast, St. Mary has rich farmland and historical significance. Annotto Bay and Port Maria are the main towns. The parish was once home to large sugar estates and is now focused on bananas, coconuts, and cocoa. Beaches and waterfalls make it a growing tourist destination.
St. Thomas, in the southeast, is a parish of natural beauty and strong cultural history. It was the site of the Morant Bay Rebellion, led by National Hero Paul Bogle. The parish is also home to Bath Fountain mineral springs and coastal views that remain largely unspoiled.
Famous for being the birthplace of Olympic sprinter Usain Bolt, Trelawny lies on the north coast. Falmouth, the capital, boasts Georgian architecture and a modern cruise port. The parish is known for yam farming and festivals celebrating its agricultural roots.
Located on the southwest coast, Westmoreland is home to Negril, one of Jamaica’s most famous beach destinations. The parish also has sugarcane plantations, wetlands, and cliffs that attract visitors. Savanna-la-Mar is the capital, serving as a market and commercial town.
Bordering Kingston, St. Andrew combines urban centers with rural mountain communities. Half-Way Tree is a key commercial hub, while upscale areas like Constant Spring and Norbrook highlight its development. The parish also includes parts of the Blue Mountains, offering scenic views and coffee plantations.
Jamaica’s geography and parishes show the diversity of the island, from bustling Kingston to the quiet hills of Manchester, the beaches of Negril, and the rivers of Portland. Each parish contributes to the island’s history, economy, and culture, making Jamaica a nation of rich landscapes and unique communities.